合理的选项是听起来像文章可能说过的话。**有依据(supported)**的意思是文章确实说了,或给出了明确的证据。这项技能是先作判断,再用一句话解释为什么那个诱人的选项站不住脚。
这一课接在找出正确的细节之后。上一课你排除的是重复用词的选项,这一课要排除的是重复想法的选项。
怎样检验选项有没有依据?
- 找出证据那一行。 指出文章里哪些词可以证明这个选项。
- 比较强度。 选项是否比那一行更强、更广或更肯定?
- 比较人物、事情和时间。 说的是同一个人、同一群人、同一个时间吗?
- 用一句话说出差距: too strong(太强)、opposite(相反)、not mentioned(没提到)、different person(不同的人)、different time(不同的时间)、invented reason(编造的原因)。
如果完全找不到证据行,这个选项就没有依据。
例题
The new bus service starts on Monday. It will run every 20 minutes from 6 a.m. to 9 p.m., and tickets will cost RM2 for students. A survey last month showed that most passengers wanted a late-night service, but the council says it cannot afford one yet.
题目: Which statement is not supported by the text?
A The service will begin at the start of the week. B Students will pay RM2 for a ticket. C The council will soon introduce a late-night service.
第 1 步,找 A 的证据: “starts on Monday”。有依据。
第 2 步,找 B 的证据: “tickets will cost RM2 for students”。有依据。
第 3 步,找 C 的证据: 最接近的是 “the council says it cannot afford one yet”。这句话说的是市议会目前负担不起,没有给出时间,文中也没有 “soon”。
第 4 步,说出差距: C 说得太满(too strong),把 “yet” 变成了承诺。
答案:C。 文章说乘客想要深夜班次,但从未说市议会会很快推出。
要避开的错误
错误答案: 选 “Adults will pay more than students” 为有依据的陈述。
这听起来很自然,因为学生票通常比较便宜。但文章只给了学生票价,对成人一字未提,所以这是 not stated 的选项。改正的方法是找原文的词,而不是凭一般印象。
自我检测
Amir trains four evenings a week and recently won a regional race. His coach says he could reach the national final next year if he keeps improving.
Which one of these is supported? Give the gap in each wrong option.
A Amir will compete in the national final next year. B Amir won a regional race. C Amir trains every evening.
显示答案
B 有依据: “recently won a regional race”。
A 说得太满。文中是 “could” 和 “if he keeps improving”,不是确定。
C 与细节矛盾。文中是 four evenings a week,不是每天晚上。
延伸题: 写一句话,解释为什么 “Amir’s coach thinks he is the fastest runner in the country” 没有依据。
显示答案
参考答案:“The coach only says Amir could reach the national final, which is not the same as being the fastest runner in the country, and that claim is not in the text.”
意思是:教练只说 Amir 有可能进入全国决赛,这与“全国跑得最快的人”不是一回事,文中也没有这个说法。
接下来学什么
你现在已经学完专项信息阅读里的五项技能。用综合练习把它们组合起来,也可以用摘要选择与改写工作室练习只挑出能回答题目的要点。
解释选项为什么不成立,也是让老师看到你如何阅读的好方法。在线上一对一 English as a Second Language 补习中,这种解释往往能让反复出现的习惯显现出来。